Many systems obey simple, linear rules: If you pull twice as hard on a spring, it stretches twice as far. However, when we introduce very large forces or complicated interactions, that linear rule ...

The figure shows the evolution of the microstructure of the melt pool under the influence of the simulated transient temperature field. Nucleated grains are represented in pink-purple plots, while ...

Researchers have demonstrated that intensified environmental variability (EV) can promote the evolution of cooperation through simulation based on evolutionary game theory. This result offers a new ...