All sorts of physical processes in this analog world exhibit some degree of randomness. Think of noise, for example. Many noisy processes are described by Gaussian probability distributions. We should ...

The likelihood of all possible outcomes. The common example of a probability distribution is a coin toss, and the bell curve is the common expression of the distribution of events. THIS DEFINITION IS ...

Think about a baseball game. The batter has to decide whether and how to hit the incoming pitch. He needs to judge the position and speed of the ball, given his own visual uncertainty, and to estimate ...